GH-49505: [Python] Implement DictionaryArray converter for type pa.large_string and pa.large_binary

[fotinosk]

Rationale for this change

Resolves #49505 enhancment request.

Previously, attempting to convert a Python sequence into a Dictionary array with large values resulted in the following behaviour:

>>> import pyarrow as pa
>>> pa.array([], pa.dictionary(pa.int32(), pa.large_binary()))
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
ArrowNotImplementedError: DictionaryArray converter for type dictionary<values=large_binary, indices=int32, ordered=0> not implemented

What changes are included in this PR?

• C++ Core (cpp/src/arrow/util/converter.h):
  • Added DICTIONARY_CASE(LargeBinaryType) and DICTIONARY_CASE(LargeStringType) to the MakeConverterImpl::Visit(const DictionaryType&) dispatch table so the C++ core knows how to route the large types.
  • Updated the PyDictionaryConverter template for enable_if_has_string_view to use std::string_view in the Append method. This allows the underlying Arrow builders to handle size-dispatching (32-bit vs 64-bit) internally.
• Python Tests (python/pyarrow/tests/test_array.py):
  • Added test_dictionary_large_string_and_binary to verify sequence conversion for both large_string and large_binary dictionary types.

Are these changes tested?

Yes. Added test_dictionary_large_string_and_binary to python/pyarrow/tests/test_array.py which validates both the schema resolution and the data integrity of the resulting pylist.

Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes. Users can now pass pa.large_string() and pa.large_binary() as value types into pa.dictionary() when using pa.array() to ingest Python sequences.

• GitHub Issue: [Python] Implement DictionaryArray converter for type pa.large_string and pa.large_binary #49505